Abstract
Objectives
Exercise and the thermic effect of food contribute to total energy expenditure and
overall maintenance of health. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction
between TEF and exercise on TEE based on meal protein content.
Design
A randomized, repeated measures study.
Methods
Ten active females, of normal body weight, participated. Preliminary maximal aerobic
capacity (VO2max) was determined. Three additional testing sessions consisted of performing a 30-min
bout of exercise at 60% VO2max after consumption of a high (45% total kcal) or low (15% total kcal) protein meal,
or fasted.
Results
Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant main effect for the feeding protocols
(α = .05). The high protein meal elicited a 30.39% and 98.15% greater increase in TEF compared
to the low protein meal (p = .006) and fasted state (p < .001), respectively. The low protein meal resulted in 94.34% greater TEF compared
to fasted (p < .001). Combined with exercise, high protein meal TEF was significantly greater compared
to fasted (p = .010) but was not significantly greater than the low protein meal (p = .122). Significant differences were not found between the low protein meals with exercise
compared to fasted conditions (p = .094).
Conclusions
Findings of this study provide insight on increased TEE under acute high protein feeding
conditions as compared to a low protein meal and fasted state. Combined with exercise,
potential for further increases in TEE exists as a result of TEF.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Science and Medicine in SportAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Human energy requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation.FAO Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series, Rome2001
- The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety and weight loss: a critical review.J Am Coll Nutr. 2004; 23: 373-385
- Metabolic responses to a meal during rest and low-intensity exercise.Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 40: 990-994
- Thermic effect of food and β-adrenergic thermogenic responsiveness in habitually exercising and sedentary healthy adult humans.J Appl Physiol. 2007; 103: 616-622
- Effects of energy and protein intake and exercise intensity on the thermic effect of food.Am J Clin Nutr. 1986; 43: 863-869
- Thermic effect of food at rest, during exercise, and after exercise in lean and obese men of similar body weight.J Clin Invest. 1985; 76: 1107-1112
- Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight.N Engl J Med. 1995; 332: 621-628
- Postprandial thermogenesis is increased 100% on a high-protein, low-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in healthy, young women.J Am Coll Nutr. 2002; 21: 55-61
- The acute effects of food intake on energy expenditure during cycle ergometry.Am J Clin Nutr. 1974; 27: 254-259
- A calorie a calorie?.Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79: 899S-906S
- Thermogenesis in overeating man.Am J Clin Nutr. 1967; 20: 1223-1229
- Thermic effect of glucose and amino acids in man studied by direct and indirect calorimetry.Br J Nutr. 1974; 31: 343-349
- The role of exercise in thermogenesis and energy balance.Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1989; 67: 402-409
- Role of sympathetic neural activation in age- and habitual exercise-related differences in the thermic effect of food.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89 (5183-5144)
- ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription.8th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA2010
- Thermic effect of food during graded exercise in normal weight and obese men.Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 40: 995-1000
- Meal size and frequency: effect on the thermic effect of food.Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 54: 783-787
- Diet induced thermogenesis.Nutr Metab. 2004; 1: 1-5https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-1-5
- Exercise, resting metabolic rate, and thermogenesis.Diabetes Metab Rev. 1986; 2: 19-34
- Effect of exercise intensity on 24-h energy expenditure and nutrient oxidation.J Appl Physiol. 2002; 92: 1045-1052
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 04, 2014
Accepted:
January 23,
2014
Received in revised form:
January 16,
2014
Received:
April 17,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
