Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to quantify the relationships between enabling, predisposing and
reinforcing ecological factors on motor competence and investigate potential sex,
weight status, and school level differences.
Methods
Data were collected from 429 children (52% boys; aged 11.1 ± 0.6 years; 87% white British). Cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m Multistage Shuttle Run), muscular strength (Handgrip Strength) and online questionnaire
(Child Health and Activity Tool; CHAT) data on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,
sport participation and available surrounding physical activity facilities were included
as enabling variables. Three predisposing variables were determined from self-report
data on benefits/barriers to exercise, adequacy, and predilection. Parental/guardian
physical activity levels and persons whom participate in physical activity and sport
with the participant (CHAT) were selected as reinforcing variables. Motor competence
was determined from cumulative scores for Dragon Challenge tasks (Balance Bench, Core
Agility, Wobble Spot, Overarm Throw, Basketball Dribble, Catch, Jumping Patterns,
T-Agility, Sprint). Confirmatory Factor Analysis assessed the fit of measured variables
into latent factors. Structural equation modelling evaluated relationships between
these latent factors.
Results
Motor competence was directly affected by the enabling factor (β = 0.50,p < 0.001) but indirectly affected by reinforcing and predisposing factors, mediated by
the enabling factor (β=0.13, p = 0.014; β=0.25, p = 0.002). Multi-group comparisons showed that each of these effects did not differ by
sex, weight status or school level (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that enabling factors are crucial for the development of motor
competence. This is the first study to quantify an ecological model with motor competence
as the endogenous variable and is key to future interventions.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 03, 2020
Accepted:
April 6,
2020
Received in revised form:
April 2,
2020
Received:
July 2,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
