Abstract
Background
Research evidence has suggested that a more sensitive ankle proprioceptive testing
method with higher ecological validity is needed for assessing proprioceptive deficits
in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).
Objectives
(1) To determine the test–retest reliability of a novel ankle proprioception assessment
tool, the Ankle Inversion Discrimination Apparatus for Landing (AIDAL); (2) To assess
whether AIDAL scores were sufficiently sensitive to detect proprioceptive deficits
in chronic ankle instability (CAI); and (3) To examine whether AIDAL scores correlated
with Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Methods
The AIDAL was purpose-built to assess ankle discrimination in four positions of ankle
inversion (10°, 12°, 14° and 16°) upon landing from a 10 cm drop. Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC) was employed as the ankle proprioceptive
discrimination score. Seven-day test–retest reliability was evaluated with 23 university
students (12 CAI and 11 non-CAI), and another 36 university students (18 CAI and 18
non-CAI) were in the comparison study.
Results
The test–retest reliability ICC score for the whole group was 0.763 (95% CI = 0.519–0.892), which showed an excellent reliability level. ICC (3,1) was 0.701 for the non-CAI group (95%CI = 0.210–0.910) and 0.804 for the CAI group (95%CI = 0.451–0.939). The CAI group performed at a significantly lower level on the AIDAL
assessment than the non-CAI group (0.777 ± 0.05 vs. 0.815 ± 0.05, F = 5.107, p = 0.03). The discriminative AUC value for the AIDAL test was 0.756 with a cut point
of 0.819 (sensitivity = 0.733, specificity = 0.800). The MDC90 scores for CAI and non-CAI groups were both 0.04. Spearman's correlation showed that
the CAIT scores were significantly correlated with the ankle proprioceptive discrimination
scores (rho = 0.401, p = 0.015).
Conclusion
The AIDAL showed good test–retest reliability for both non-CAI and CAI groups. Measuring
ankle inversion proprioception during landing may be important for assessing the outcomes
of CAI rehabilitation, as proprioceptive performance obtained from the AIDAL was significantly
correlated with severity of functional ankle instability CAIT scores.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 16, 2021
Accepted:
February 7,
2021
Received in revised form:
January 16,
2021
Received:
August 26,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
