Abstract
Objectives
To examine the incidence and survival rates of sudden cardiac arrest that were documented
during school organized sports in Japan.
Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods
Insurance claim data of cardiac events (sudden cardiac death and sudden cardiac arrest
with resultant disabilities) that occurred during Japanese high school organized sports
between 2009 and 2018 were retrieved. Participation data from All Japan High School
Athletic Federation and Japan High School Baseball Federation were used for incidence
rate calculations. Incidence rate ratios with 95 % confidence interval were calculated
to compare the risk by sports and sex. The survival rate was calculated with the proportion
of resuscitated cases to total number of cardiac events in this dataset.
Results
A total of 55 cardiac events (25 survivors and 30 deceased) were identified in the
dataset. The majority affected male student-athletes (92.7 %). The frequency and incidence
rate of cardiac events were highest in male baseball (n = 16 [29.1 %], incidence rate: 0.91 per 100,000 athlete-years). Incidence rate ratio
revealed that male basketball (2.19, 95 % confidence interval: 1.04–4.60), male baseball
(2.31, 95 % confidence interval: 1.32–4.03), and first-year male baseball (4.11, 95 %
confidence interval: 2.10–8.07) had significantly higher risk of cardiac events, compared
to the overall incidence rate (0.38 per 100,000 athlete-years). The survival rates
were 37.5 % in the first half (2009–2013) and 56.5 % in the latter half (2014–2018)
of the study period.
Conclusions
The risk of cardiac events was highest in male, baseball, first-year student-athletes.
Rapid AED application by bystanders should be advocated to enhance better survival.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 01, 2022
Accepted:
June 30,
2022
Received in revised form:
April 29,
2022
Received:
January 24,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
