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☆Contributors: MS, SS, OH and BJ conceptualised the research project. MH completed the video analysis for the study. MS and CO were responsible for the data analysis. All authors were responsible for the interpretation of the results. MS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed and edited the manuscript prior to submission.
☆Funding: No funding was received to undertake this study.
☆Competing interests: MS PhD and OH research fellowship are part-funded by Leeds Rhinos. BJ is employed by Leeds Rhinos in a consultancy capacity. GP and BJ are employed in a consultancy capacity by the Rugby Football League. SS and CO research fellowship are part-funded by the Rugby Football League. OH research fellowship is part-funded by the Rugby Football Union. GP is a contracted Doctor by a SL club. CC received support in the form of research funding from the National Rugby League. AJG serves as a scientific advisor for hitIQ, Ltd. He has a clinical practice in neuropsychology involving individuals who have sustained sport-related concussion including current and former athletes. He has been a contracted concussion consultant to Rugby Australia. He is a member of the World Rugby concussion working group. He is a member of the Australian Football League concussion scientific advisory committee.SM declares no competing interests.
☆Ethical approval: This project was approved by Leeds Beckett University, Local Ethics Committee (101063).
☆Patient and public involvement: Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.
☆Data sharing: All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.